| Alfred Louis Kroeber | in context | images |
- Alfred Louis Kroeber, Alfred Kroeber, Kroeber; Synonyms: Alfred Kroeber, Kroeber; United States anthropologist noted for his studies of culture (1876-1960).
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
'Alfred Louis Kroeber' (June 11, 1876–October 5, 1960) was one of the most
influential figures in American anthropology in the first half of the twentieth
century.
Kroeber was born in Hoboken, New Jersey and attended Columbia College at the age
of 16, earning an A.B. in English in 1896, and an M.A. in Romantic drama in
1897. He received his doctorate under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901,
basing his dissertation on decorative symbolism on his field work among the
Arapaho. It was the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He
spent most of his career in California, primarily at the University of
California, Berkeley where he worked as both a Professor of Anthropology and the
Director of what was then The University of California Museum of Anthropology
(now the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology). The anthropology department's
headquarters building at the University of California is known as Kroeber Hall.
He was associated with Berkeley until his retirement in 1946.
Although he is known primarily as a cultural anthropologist, he did significant
work in archaeology, and he contributed to anthropology by making connections
between archaeology and culture. He conducted excavations in New Mexico, Mexico,
and Peru. Kroeber and his students did important work collecting cultural data
on western tribes of Native Americans. The work done in preserving information
about California tribes appeared in Handbook of Indians of California (1925).
These efforts to preserve remaining data on these tribes has been termed
"Salvage ethnography." He is credited with developing the concepts of Culture
Area and Culture Configuration (Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North
America, 1939).
His influence was so strong that many contemporaries adopted his style of beard
and mustache as well as his views as a social scientist. During his lifetime, he
was known as the "Dean of American anthropologists". His anthropological
paradigms have introduced the word [[:wikt:Kroeberian|Kroeberian]] into the
English language. Kroeber and Roland Dixon were very influential in the genetic
classification of Native American languages in North America, being responsible
for groupings such as Penutian and Hokan. He is noted for working with Ishi, who
was claimed (though not uncontroversially) to be the last California Yahi
Indian. His second wife, Theodora Kroeber, wrote a well-known biography of Ishi,
Ishi in Two Worlds. Kroeber's relationship with Ishi was made into a film The
Last of His Tribe (1992), starring Jon Voigt as Kroeber. His textbook,
Anthropology (1923, 1948), was widely used for years, and was one of ten books
required for all students during their first year at Columbia in the late 1940s.
Kroeber was father of the academic Karl Kroeber and the writer (primarily of
fantasy and science fiction) Ursula K. Le Guin by his second wife, Theodora. He
also adopted the two children of Theodora's first marriage, Ted and historian
Clifton Kroeber. Clifton and Karl recently (2003) edited a book together on the
Ishi case, Ishi in Three Centuries. This is the first scholarly book on Ishi to
contain essays by Indians.
* This article uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License
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